How Systematic Random Sampling Work

Systematic sampling is a technique for creating a random probability sample in which each piece of data is chosen at a fixed interval for inclusion in the sample. For example, if a researcher wanted to create a systematic sample of 1,000 students at a university with an enrolled population of 10,000, he or she would choose every tenth person from a list of all students. How to Create a Systematic Sample Creating a systematic sample is rather easy. The researcher must first decide how many people out of the total population to include in the sample, keeping in mind that the larger the sample size, the more accurate, valid, and applicable the results will be. Then, the researcher will decide what the interval for sampling is, which will be the standard distance between each sampled element. This should be decided by dividing the total population by the desired sample size. In the example given above, the sampling interval is 10 because it is the result of dividing 10,000 (the total population) by 1,000 (the desired sample size). Finally, the researcher chooses an element from the list that falls below the interval, which in this case would be one of the first 10 elements within the sample, and then proceeds to select every tenth element. Advantages of Systematic Sampling Researchers like systematic sampling because it is a simple and easy technique that produces a random sample that is free from bias. It can happen that, with simple random sampling, the sample population may have clusters of elements that create bias. Systematic sampling eliminates this possibility because it ensures that each sampled element is a fixed distance apart from those that surround it. Disadvantages of Systematic Sampling When creating a systematic sample, the researcher must take care to ensure that the interval of selection does not create bias by selecting elements that share a trait. For example, it could be possible that every tenth person in a racially diverse population could be Hispanic. In such a case, the systematic sample would be biased because it would be composed of mostly (or all) Hispanic people, rather than reflecting the racial diversity of the total population. Applying Systematic Sampling Say you want to create a systematic random sample of 1,000 people from a population of 10,000. Using a list of the total population, number each person from 1 to 10,000. Then, randomly choose a number, like 4, as the number to start with. This means that the person numbered 4 would be your first selection, and then every tenth person from then on would be included in your sample. Your sample, then, would be composed of persons numbered 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, and so on down the line until you reach the person numbered 9,994. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Mccandless And Transcendentalism - 1710 Words

Both Henry David Thoreau and Christopher McCandless ventured out into the woods to get away from the dreariness of everyday society and to find themselves. Only one lived to tell the tale. What was the fatal flaw of the man who didn’t continue on? The only way to find this is to analyze the differences and similarities between the two. McCandless, while embracing some of the same values as Thoreau, was ultimately a different man. While they led very contrasting lives in very distant times, both McCandless and Thoreau sought a type of freedom that can only be achieved when immersed in nature. Thoreau’s entitlement and cozy cabin in the woods is a far cry from McCandless’s constant struggle during his expedition, however, certain parallels†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, this point was never fully proven, for he didn’t make it out alive. McCandless seemed to think he could never ask for help, that he had to do everything all on his own. He establis hed his independence all throughout his life, but his voyage to Alaska was what did him in. Despite his tragic end and the extremist standpoint of his view on self-rule, McCandless’s views of self-reliance and independence from others were additionally shared by Thoreau. Thoreau, while not expressing his view as dramatically as McCandless, also viewed isolation as a positive experience. He believed in being able to be entertained even while in solitude, and that the loneliness with being â€Å"alone in a crowd† is more likely than the loneliness that comes with solitude. He believes that becoming part of the mass of society is what culminates loneliness, that the need for constant communication is no more than a need to gossip (Thoreau73). He believes that with independence, one can find oneself. Thoreau often mentions that the company of others isn’t needed, stating that if you â€Å"follow your genius closely... it will not fail to show you a fresh prospect every hour,† (Thoreau73). This means that if you rely on yourself when enveloped in boredom, you will find entertainment in something more times than not. He strongly follows this philosophy, even cleaning out his cabin or doing housework when bored (Thoreau72). Thoreau ofte n set all his furniture out on the lawn, scrubbingShow MoreRelatedMccandless Vs Transcendentalism1840 Words   |  8 PagesAlaska or Bust: The Two Men That Believed Alaska Had All the Answers As Christopher Johnson McCandless once said: â€Å"The core of mans’ spirit comes from new experiences† (Krakauer, 57). Society has given the majority of the human population a predetermined cookie-cutter lifestyle for which they must follow in order to be accepted. This includes which virtues to follow, how to interact with others, and what is and what is it not acceptable. For many people, fitting into this mold is the only way theyRead MoreWas Chris McCandless a Transcendentalism?1099 Words   |  4 Pagestranscendentalist? Can someone be a transcendentalist if they do not mean to be one? In the life of Chris McCandless, many transcendental aspects are exhibited, such as nonconformity and self-reliance, but experts and readers are left wondering whether or not to consider him a transcendentalist. McCandless exhibits these traits willingly, which leads most readers to call him a transcendentalist. Chris McCandless is a transcendentalist because he knowingly follows the transcendental tenets and is heavily influencedRead MoreChristopher McCandless Misunderstanding of Transcendentalism773 Words   |  4 Pageswilderness a genius or another insane person? Christopher McCandless is the main character in the novel Into The Wild. He is an idealist, extremist, and a bright person when it comes to academics. He read books by Henry David Thoreau, Tolstoy, Jack London, and even Ralph Waldo Emerson. This is significant because each author have stories about transcendentalism or even about how society wants people to conform. Thoreau, founder of transcendentalism, wrote the book called â€Å"Walden† that talks about HenryRead MoreChristopher Johnson Mccandless s Transcendentalism2535 Words   |  11 PagesChristopher Johnson McCandless’s Transcendentalism To think philosophically, the reality of living does not really has a definition. Around the 1840s, specific groups of people known as transcendentalists argued that there’s an intensive connection among God, man, and nature. They emphasizes that the main truth of understanding reality in life should be an individual epiphany. Christopher Johnson McCandless from Into the Wild shared similar philosophical ideas as two notable transcendentalists knownRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Chris Mccandless Transcendentalism1618 Words   |  7 Pagesof solitude. Henry David Thoreau and Chris McCandless were both transcendentalism that believes in the key fundamental idea that the human body should partake in such as solitude. Henry Thoreau was a transcendentalist that practiced the form of solitude throughout his life. He left society and moved into the woods to be removed from the confines of society. Along with Thoreau, a more modern-day transcendentalist was known as Chris McCandle ss. McCandless journeyed to the wilderness in Alaska to beRead MoreTranscendentalism Of The Wild By Jon Krakauer902 Words   |  4 PagesTranscendentalism Christopher McCandless was a man that could not stand to abide by other people’s rules. In the novel, Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer documents his interview with McCandless’ sister, Carrie. She tells the audience that he always wanted to live by his own rules and despised restrictions. By saying this, he came to the conclusion that he had followed societies’ rules for long enough. He thought that the only way to escape their regulations was to begin a transcendental lifestyle. TranscendentalismRead MoreChristopher McCandless: Rebellious, Suicidal Narcissist1570 Words   |  6 Pages Transcendentalism is a religious, philosophical, literary, and social movement of the nineteenth century. Essentially, this movement was based upon the ideals of the â€Å"sixth sense,† nature, and non-conformity, as well as individualism, intuition, idealism, imagination, and inspiration. A few of the works featured in the transcendental unit include Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, Song of Myself by Walt Whitman, and Walden by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The primary focus of this essay is to provide an opinionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Into The Wild By Jon Krakauer1669 Words   |  7 PagesElements of Transcendentalism In the book, â€Å"Into the Wild† by Jon Krakauer, Chris McCandless is an in-the-closet transcendentalist; all of his ethics match up with those of a transcendentalist, yet he never admits he is one. McCandless agrees with all of the components of transcendentalism and follows them unremittingly as soon as he graduates from college, and he lives by those components to a fault, which ultimately led to his death. Deliberate living, nonconformity, and simplicity are three cardinalRead MoreTranscendentalism In Chris Krakauers Into The Wild879 Words   |  4 PagesTranscendentalism by definition means to live a rational life with nature and becoming one entity that rules over itself. That seems difficult though because living in this day an age without having to worry about anything or about anyone else is like asking for forever lasting gum. In the book Into The Wild, Chris McCandless tries to do just that and succeeds. While on his journey to Alaska, Chris becomes the embodimen t of transcendentalism. He embraces multiply of the qualities of transcendentalismRead MoreDavid Thoreau s Into The Wild By Jon Krakauer959 Words   |  4 Pages Transcendentalism is a movement that began in the 1830s with the thought that important reality is intuitive, rather than taught knowledge. This then forced the idea of individualism being the most important element within society and everything having a godly piece within them. Some major transcendentalist figures include: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Jack London. In the novel, Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, many of Christopher McCandless’ experiences on his journey of Alaska

My Self Free Essays

I believe that multifarious factors make a person an individual who is unique and distinct from others. Most of these factors work their magic early on in a man’s life, consisting of experiences in childhood and adolescence, which shape a person’s philosophy and values in life. I was fortunate to have a childhood that gave me a sense of respect towards my parents and other family members, especially my elders. We will write a custom essay sample on My Self or any similar topic only for you Order Now My childhood and adolescence taught me to treat my family as a sacred thing and give it the importance it deserves. Moreover, I know that our socioeconomic status gave me the proper perspective and drive to aim high in my studies and avoid taking risks. My close relationship with my family also allowed me to become open to forming close and trusting friendships. Thus, my childhood can be generally described as non-traumatic, save for a single car accident that left me a few injuries. Nevertheless, such an experience did not prevent me from studying hard in class, which made adults see me as a smart child who has more than what meets the eyes. My open relationship with my friends and family shaped my disposition as an active and open-minded person, who is always willing to help. I am also generally jovial, ad this helps me get along with others easily. I continue to live by my academic skills I acquired since childhood, and I pride myself in being a fast learner and a good researcher. My view of manhood and sexuality is consistent with my personal philosophy, which is bound by honesty, dignity and resoluteness. Given this personal backdrop, I expect my future life to be bright and full of promises. I will work hard to achieve a happy family life and a successful professional career. Therefore, I will keep on pursuing further studies, careful not to let any kind of obstacle get in my way. I know that my friends and family would be with me every step of the way while I tread the road to personal growth and fulfillment. How to cite My Self, Essay examples

Business Software Development and its Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Business Software Development and its Implementation. Answer: Introduction It is stated by Alamin et al. (2015) that small business software development and its implementation is quite viable today, and hence, it can be found in both big and small firms. It was argued by Apostolou et al. (2014) that financial software creation and its implementation in small scale business is highly challenging. Insufficient capabilities and external direction in accounting are some of the issues the small businesses have faced in the past. This literature review focuses on the accounting software Xero, which the in Australia and its overview. Small firms of Australia usually use the financial software Xero. This study concentrates on the software inception, its development and adoption, limitations and its competitive advantage over other similar commercial financial software. At the end of this study, recommendations are made to resolve the issues the employees often face. History of accounting software According to Clarke and OConnor (2012), when Rod Dury and his personal accountant found that the traditional desktop accounting software has become outdated, they decided to implement a cloud based modern accounting software. In this way, Xero was founded by Rod Dury. The accounting software was officially established in the year 2006 in Wellington, which is located in New Zealand. The company entered the market in Australia and United Kingdom in 2008 (Environmental performance software for small businesses 2016). The accounting software company focuses on the Australian market for the development of Xero. Development and Adoption of Xero According to Bernardos et al. (2014), the development and research of Xero account for millions of dollars. After researching for12 months, the information that is revealed is that sixty percent of the business of Australia fits in the cloud computing. Due to the unique features provided by powerful computing, small businesses in Australia are reading adopting it. Xero is adopted by the users of Australia at a remarkable speed. This is because Xero is cloud based and for development, the organizations are using Xero accounting software. Xero is cloud based, and they provide some advantages to their clients. The first and most significant benefit are that the setup process of Xero is very fast and reliable. It does not require much time. It is stated by Burdon and Dovey (2015), that they provide certain information that helps in clarifying the fact about 4mation Technologies, which is utilized by the accounting software of Xero. The development process of Xero requires several steps, which includes sketching of ideas, building the prototype, enabling transaction and speeding the development. All this process are involved in the development of Xero as a result of which it provides better and best services at high speed. Current market size of the Accounting software The Accounting software Xero has grown up in a spectacular fashion. It provides accounting software to small business through the help of internet. As stated by Chua et al. (2012), the rise of the company is associated with the growing trend of moving the business from traditional accounting software. The company is growing exponentially from the last six years and as a result, the revenue collected is $30.3 million on a yearly basis (Environmental performance software for small businesses 2016). The main reason for growth that is cited by the company is a continuous investment in the field of product development. As the share started rising by 493%, the company is facing challenges. The price to sales rating of Xero stands at 88 times on a 12-month basis, which indicates that it is most expensive proportion as compared to other competitors in the market of Australia. It is argued by Clarke and OConnor (2012), that based on current market capitalism of Xero there is 80% rise in revenue in the year 2014. The customer's acquisition and revenue numbers of Xero are increasing over 80%. If market share is concerned, then Xero has 19% of the market share of the New Zealands small business and 4% of the market of Australia. Discovery of Market Leaders in Australia From one country to another the distribution of accounting software is different. Xero is used in both large and small enterprises of Australia for business operations. As opined by Dunbar et al. (2016), Xero is the favorite choice of application in Australia. The software package covers almost 65% of the share of the market (Environmental performance software for small businesses 2016). According to some statistical figures, Xero is widely adopted in Australia for the unique features it offers. If large business enterprises are considered then, Xero is the accounting software that is mostly used, as it is faster as well as reliable. Competing Features of Xero MYOB dominates the financial market in Australia, but due to the unique features offered by Xero, it offers a strong competitive advantage in Australias financial market. According to Lim and Perrin (2014), Xero accounting software is cloud based. As a result, many extra benefits are offered to its users. The advantages it offers include accessibility and internet connection. The users of Xero can access their account anywhere and at any time which is impossible for other accounting software of Australia. Xero has great integration system, which helps in encouraging the collaboration with other app services, which will be beneficial for improving the processes. This type of collaboration with other app services is not present in any other accounting software. Xero has straightforward and intuitive UI. It is stated by Ismail and King (2014), that Xero software is built in a way such that the accounting software is not only useful for accounting but also for the accounting professionals. The intuitive user interface helps in making it easier to use. Xero accounting software set up the process, which is very much easy as well as fast. Xero accounting is reasonably priced and as a result, the accounting software is economically wise in the markets of Australia. It has the ability to auto-enter data as a part of reconciliation process which other accounting software cannot. All these features of Xero provide a competitive advantage in the market of Australia. Identification of current gaps and challenges It is stated by Smith (2015), that the accounting software has certain disadvantages due to which it is facing some challenges. Xero is not so much secure and for having better security the users have to use strong passwords for keeping it safe. If the security of the Xero is not maintained properly, then, critical accounting data can be hacked by the hackers. One of the challenges is that internet connection is very much important for accessing Xero. If a user does not have an internet connection, then Xero cannot be accessed. Poor internet connection does not allow a user to work on Xero efficiently. Xero file can be accessed as long as the subscription is active and the disadvantage or challenge that the subscription is owned by the accountant. For having proper access over Xero, it is very much important to have a fast internet connection (Lim and Perrin 2014). The enterprises are avoiding automation process because the process is a little bit complicated. If a firm uses that process, then they have to train their workers. The software company also teaches their clients via webinars who are in need of the software. Recommendation Following are some suggestions that can help improve Xero are: New versions of Xero much include important features for developing the accounting software, which will help in benefiting the company as well as the international users of the software. Proper training must be provided to the new user of Xero so that the accounting software can be handled by them properly. Training also helps the workers to acquire knowledge about different duties such as payroll systems. The accounting software must be authenticated such that the data and relevant information cannot be hacked by the attackers. The Xero must be developed in both the fields of design and security for benefiting the users. It is very much required to change the online services of Xero so that the problems of slow internet connection does not hamper the task o the users. Conclusion It is concluded that Xero is widely used in Australia whether it is small enterprise or large enterprise. This is because of some of the unique features of Xero. With the introduction of cloud computing, Xero can be used independent of time and place. Some of the challenges and gaps of the accounting software are also discussed in this literature review. The most important challenge is that it is very much important to have an internet connection. A user cannot access the accounting software without having proper internet connection. The literature review of the paper provides some recommendation that will improve the accounting software much more in order to provide benefit to the users. It is very much important to have new features in every new versions of the accounting software. References Alamin, A., Yeoh, W., Warren, M. and Salzman, S., 2015, January. An empirical study of factors influencing accounting information systems adoption. InProceedings of the Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems. ECIS. Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J.W., Hassell, J.M. and Rebele, J.E., 2014. A summary and analysis of education research in accounting information systems (AIS).Journal of Accounting Education,32(2), pp.99-112. Bernardos, C.J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L.M., Jin, H. and Ziga, J.C., 2014. An architecture for software defined wireless networking.IEEE Wireless Communications,21(3), pp.52-61. Burdon, S. and Dovey, K.A., 2015. Exploring the cultural basis of innovation.Journal of Innovation Management,3(3), pp.20-34. Chua, Y.L., Cheong, C.S. and Gould, G., 2012. The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on accounting quality: Evidence from Australia.Journal of International Accounting Research,11(1), pp.119-146. Clarke, P. and OConnor, R.V., 2012. The situational factors that affect the software development process: Towards a comprehensive reference framework.Information and Software Technology,54(5), pp.433-447. Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A Content Analysis of Accounting Job Advertisements: Skill Requirements for Graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A Content Analysis of Accounting Job Advertisements: Skill Requirements for Graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Environmental performance software for small businesses 2016.Co2analytics.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016, from https://www.co2analytics.com/xero?gclid=Cj0KEQjw3ZS-BRD1xu3qw8uS2s4BEiQA2bcfM_hmQA67kSvQL-Uv-a3VCEIWL0r-OpiLYM1qc5E0Sb4aAhiv8P8HAQ Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.1-20. Lim, N. and Perrin, B., 2014. Standard Business Reporting in Australia: Past, Present, and Future.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,18(3). Smith, H., 2015.Xero for dummies. John Wiley Sons.